“On major reason is the academic prestige structure so important to economists, since academics such as Milton Friedman and Paul Samuelson are among the leading figures. The academic publish-or-perish system, the value of “pure research,” and the fact that the doctoral degree is the major license to practice all justify this emphasis on academia.

The most prestigious form of publication is a quantitative theoretical article in a “number-one” journal, such as The American Economic Review, a journal of the American Economic Association. While workers in some academic disciplines (e.g., history, anthropology) prefer books and monographs, economists since World War II, like physicists, prefer the journal article. Journal articles are cited far more than other publications. While many of those who are at the apex of the profession, including Nobel Prize winners like Milton Friedman and Paul Samuelson, have also written popular books and articles, their professional prestige derives primarily from their writings.” （Canterbery and Burkhardt, 1983, p. 23）

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